Zombie Research Society
Reader Janine D. recently wrote, “I heard there are Zombies mentioned in the Bible. Is that true?”
We’ve already established that Jesus cannot be accurately characterized as a Zombie (see Jesus Was Not A Zombie), and after considerable research, I can find only two other possible arguments that Zombies shuffled through the Holy Christian book.
Matthew 27:51-53
“And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent; And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose, and came out of the graves after his resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many.”
Zechariah 14:12
“Now this will be the plague with which the LORD will strike all the peoples who have gone to war against Jerusalem; their flesh will rot while they stand on their feet, and their eyes will rot in their sockets, and their tongues will rot in their mouth. On that day a large-scale panic from the LORD will spread among them. One person will grab the hand of another, and one will attack the other.”
Matthew covers the physical aspect of the dead rising, but – just like Jesus – if these saints returned as fundamentally the same beings as they were before they died, then they fall short of the mark. Remember, a Zombie is a biologically definable animated being occupying a human corpse. It is not the resurrection of the same essential person who once lived in that body.
Zachariah has the gore and violence of any great modern Zombie movie, but nowhere does he actually say that people die and then return to fight the living. A plague that rots your flesh and eats your eyeballs is a major bummer, but it does not a Zombie Pandemic make.
Therefore, I would argue that neither passage fully describes an actual Zombie. So my answer, Janine, is: no. There are no true Zombies in the bible. What do you think?
Thanks to the folks at Monster By Mail for the Zombie Jesus illustration.
Well first you should have ask an expert are there Zombies in the bible – YES!
Isaiah 49:26 And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; and they shall be drunken with their own blood, as with sweet wine: and all flesh shall know that I the Lord am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob =Jesus.
Isaiah_13:9 Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it.
Isaiah 9:19-20 19 Through the wrath of the Lord of hosts is the land darkened, and the people shall be as the fuel of the fire: no man shall spare his brother.
20 And he shall snatch on the right hand, and be hungry; and he shall eat on the left hand, and they shall not be satisfied: they shall eat every man the flesh of his own arm.
Leviticus 26:29 29 And ye shall eat the flesh of your sons, and the flesh of your daughters shall ye eat.
Luke 21:26 Men’s hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth: for the powers of heaven shall be shaken.
1 Thessalonians 4:16 For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first
Revelation 9:6 And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them.
Obviously Christ was resurrected in a glorified body. But some use this to say “look no zombies” but that logic does not follow. The author doesn’t show evidence that zombies can’t exist. Instead they point out passages that mostly discuss obvious resurrections. The passage that discusses people rotting says nothing above their behavior. We do not know if it is effected. Many diseases will destroy flesh and others greatly alter behavior such as rabies. The author assumes there is no behavior modification but the text falls silent on that point. It is poor form and I think immoral to assume that God is saying something without claiming it is ones personal opinion.
There are other scriptures that in my opinion point to a possible zombie like outbreak. Check out Isaiah 26. Around verse 19 there is talk of the dead coming to life and God instructing His people to hide so they do not fall prey to the judgment He has levied. May not be zombie but it could be. I have not found anything in scripture that would prevent a zombie like virus from effecting people. So to say that the bible speaks against it without proof is to put words in Gods mouth.
A zombie like virus has already been discovered and it is called rabies. If untreated you have (if I remember correctly) a 95-99 percent chance of dying. You will either die in a zombie trance like state or biting at yourself and others so viciously that you gnash out your own teeth. Scientists have already ascertained (created?) that it could be genetically modified to allow one to live longer and combined with Ebola to cause one to bleed profusely. The victim may not be dead but many zombie stories are of viruses not demonic possession or re-animation.
Lastly I find it bizarre that Christians today are so adverse to supernatural(or in this case natural) events happening. A Christians entire understanding of the nature of reality makes zombies pale in comparison. Wake up Christians and realize that the bible demands you accept reality may be stranger than what your 501c3 pastor wants you to believe. Remember he receives financial incentive to say what the government wants him to say. Start reading the bible with an open mind.
Ever notice how every zombie movie, they look like they are demon possessed? That’s because they are possessed by devils, judgement. It’s in the Bible. The zombies will surround the holy city Jerusalem, then be consumed by Holy Fire out of heaven. Ever see the movie World War Z? It’s in the Bible. Do your own research.
Sounds like zombies to me. Ironically the song Resurrection Shuffle actually gave me the idea for a zombie apocalypse book.
this is what happens when people do not understand scripture.. even if man does something that is not also works to have the prophecies of the bible come true… God is going to come back & put an end to man destroying the earth… the whole zombie thing is another way to mock the resurrection of Yahusha & the saints from their graves & when that happens it will not be like those stupid hollywood versions of those nasty zombie films. You guys need to get right with Yahusha.. and get your minds cleansed from all the polution that has clogged your thoughts. It’s shameful to think that many believer’s in yahusha are falling for the greatest lies.
I am sure this will come under much scrutiny. People, wake up! Bickering over whether or not it’s a zombie apocalypse, or not is out of the question. No side is right, so seriously. Think about it for a second. All the scriptures are at least for the apocalypse on this scientific page.
Is simply a warning, to help guide peoples hearts. Not one of you can contest to knowing what is really going to happen. You’re guesses are as good as mine. For the most part, things are going to get really bad. Nothing we can do about it besides pray that you can either survive the ordeal, or be spared and simply removed from the equation completely. Also just a side note.
GOD can do ANYTHING. Zombies don’t really seem all that far fetched. People have been playing with viruses for years. On another note, it could just be a resurrection. No one can really know till its smacked down in “Your Face” Listen for the signs in the bible.
Young men and woman shall of prophesy’s, old men shall dream. If you really want to have an idea of when it’s close to happening. Look in your bible. Signs of the moon going dark with red. (Eclipse) When young men and woman start literally and naturally speaking about the dreams they are having. It seems out of context for me to be writing this last part, but I have seen things in my dreams about things said in the bible.
What I have written is how I feel about the whole ordeal, it’s soon. I want to prepare for it. If a nineteen year old, college drop out can get a decent idea about the whole thing. Why cant the rest of you? (NOT saying everyone) For you nitpicks that will probably criticize grammar or anything else they don’t like about what I am saying.
Listen carefully, live life and be happy. What comes will come, nothing you can about it. Many will be wrong, few will be right. Look for hope in the scripture. Just make peace before its too late.
im scared that when it will happen and that god would really pull the string
i glanced through a few comments but one that struck me spoke about revelations. man shall seek death and not find it, i think was the main jest or point. to seek death does not in my mind mean to 86 ones self, to seek death to me has always meant to find a rational reason to kill ones self. I take the scripture to mean that in the last days the educated modern day man will not see death as an alternative to the problems in his life. i like to think that man will eventually come to a cross roads in his acceptance of God vs No God. that religion will effectively water doc terns down to a point where to live the gospel is not so different then living life from a morally stable perspective. that man will eventually learn that Good and evil is inside us all and the Good will portend to be a more stable and fruitful way to exist. if anything man will finally develop a system of living that will eliminate God altogether and prolong life and happiness so much so that man will boast look at what we have done. yet so great will be the emptiness and no rational explanation will exist in an acceptable manor. you could live every outward appearance of rightness and yet never know wholeness.
The whole verse reads “And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them.” I believe this verse is referring to people looking for ways to commit suicide but failing because “death shall flee from them”. What exactly this means I’m not sure, it could mean that someone puts a gun to their own head pulls the trigger and nothing happens or the gun goes off creating a huge hole in their head but finding themselves still alive. It could mean that someone throws themselves off a high building hits the ground and walks away unscathed and uninjured or it could mean the person hits the ground breaks every bone in their body and yet finds themselves still alive. I could give examples of other ways to commit suicide, but ultimately if these people are successful in pulling that trigger or w/e they do, doing so may give the appearance that they look like a zombie. Imagine someone walking around with a huge hole in their head, sliced writs, huge gouge in their neck, blood dripping from all over their body, that person would look like a zombie.
You said ” I take the scripture to mean that in the last days the educated modern day man will not see death as an alternative to the problems in his life. ” If that were the case then why does the verse say “shall men seek death”? How does an educated modern day man who doesn’t see death as an alternative, then “seek death”? Sounds like to me that man is still trying to use death as a way to escape.
This is really creepy… This is why im stocking up on weapons and food…
Men will seek death but won’t find it. Maybe cause they’re already dead and don’t know it. Ghosts. “Why cant I blow my brains out?” look in the mirror, “i don’t see anything” EXACTLY,ruin his whole day. As for the rest,I’d use a bat, sword,gun , BULLSHIT you’d throw your grandma at them drop your pants and blow your ass out to shit factor six all the way to antarctica,screaming the whole time. too bad bout’ grandma though , oh well, she had a long life.
Think 20th century but describe it 50th century BC. Eyes melt, etc,etc. HOW ABOUT A NUCLEAR BLAST, your eyes rot outta your head before your body hits the ground. Yup , sounds like a nuke to me cause thats what it does exactly, it vaporizes you, or turns you into a charcoal briquette. Or spontaneously com busts you. Remember a 20 megaton device at the instant of detonation is 1 million degrees at the center. You are gonna melt,rot, he didn’t know what he was looking at. We do. Book of Daniel “close up the book ” paraphrasing”The people of that time will understand its meaning” ie :large locusts whos hair made the sound of a thousand waterfalls(apache helicopter) ,firmament,wheels in wheels and on top a throne(aircraft with ejection seat) or wheels in wheels (turbine jet,blades,behind blades,behind blades(to compress air)) Moon as red as blood, massive amounts of sulphur dioxide in the air, would also blot out the sun. Whats my point. We have arrived. Pack your shit everyone, no zombies,thats moronic “brains brains, get that damn screwdriver outta my head”” shoot it in the head” “Im shooting in the fucking head”,”Never be afraid of the double tap”, ok they’re dead right? SO what is beating one to death going to do for you? I just beat a dead guy to death?WTF? No, I’ll stick to my wakazashi(shorter than katana, has a blood or air groove and always stab sideways through the ribs, But you want to take their head, can’t catch you if they are stumbling around looking for a head that will fall off, wait this is stupid THERE ARE NO DAMN ZOMBIES<true Vampires,Frankenstein,Werewolves,Superman, Wonderwoman, THE FLASH. THis is a waste of time pondering. And I've had years of training and my sword is real, traditionally made, razor sharp and it does not dull easily. So I club him, just pisses him off, shoot him , keeps coming(he's already dead,shooting him through the nonbeating heart,uh nada,Since we're in bullshit land, the best weapon is a Phaser set to maximum,vaporize their ass, gone, set to wide field vaporize a whole crowd and if worse comes to worse set to over load you won't be eaten or a zombie and they will all be blown to HELL. How about that idea?
Scripture says every man shall rise up against his neighbor, so how can that happen if man is consumed away by nuclear blast?
i just got in an arguement with someome about Zechariah 14:12. he thinks its a zombie apocalypse. he takes one scripture, and took it way out context. he didnt bother to read further that animals will suffer the same fate. And he did not read the whole chapter to get the full context of what was being said in that scripture. everyone has zombies on the brain these days. a few years ago it was vampires and werewolves.
“Once while some Israelites were burying a man… when the body touched Elisha’s bones, the man came to life.” – 2 Kings 13:21
well the bible does say about bodies rising if you are still here when that happens then you are screwed because Jesus did not take you with him after the second coming read your bible it tells you what happens after he gathers his church or bride however you want to call it so if your’e still here and i pray that im not then your screwed
Isaie 26-19 But your dead will live; their bodies will rise. You who dwell in the dust, wake up and shout for joy. Your dew is like the dew of the morning; the earth will give birth to her dead.
20 Go, my people, enter your rooms and shut the doors behind you; hide yourselves for a little while until his wrath has passed by.
21 See, the LORD is coming out of his dwelling to punish the people of the earth for their sins. The earth will disclose the blood shed upon her; she will conceal her slain no longer.
Spot on
Oh and:
Matthew 27:52-53, which comes just after the description of Jesus’ death on the cross. The passage reads as follows:
The tombs broke open and the bodies of many holy people who had died were raised to life. They came out of the tombs, and after Jesus’ resurrection they went into the holy city and appeared to many people.
(2 Kings 13:20-21) 20 After that E‧li′sha died and they buried him. And there were marauding bands of the Mo′ab‧ites that regularly came into the land at the coming in of the year. 21 And it came about that as they were burying a man, why, here they saw the marauding band. At once they threw the man into E‧li′sha’s burial place and went off. When the man touched the bones of E‧li′sha, he immediately came to life and stood upon his feet.
*** w82 3/15 p. 8 Why Martha Believed in the Resurrection ***
Why did Martha have such strong faith that her brother Lazarus would be resurrected? Well, she knew, for example, that many years in the past God’s prophets Elijah and Elisha, with God’s power, had each resurrected a child. (1 Kings 17:17-24; 2 Kings 4:32-37) And she knew that a dead man had come to life when he was thrown into a pit and had touched the bones of dead Elisha. (2 Kings 13:20, 21) But what had strengthened her faith in the resurrection the most was what Jesus himself had taught and done.
Way too much symbolism in the bible to be able to know exactly what the hell they were talking about. People have a tendency to define things in the Bible as “literal” or “symbolic”, depending on what suits there own ideas.
Explain this the plague in revelation.. But there is one that the people shall suffer in the end of time and try to commit suicide but death runs away from them… This can mean that the ones that commit suicide will walk around alive but not dead… This could mean the shot them selves in the head and become one of them… Also when many dead rotten corpse lie dead in the streets of new Babylon… This is also said in revalations…
There are zombies n the bible its the last plague? Rev 9:6 During those days men will seek death, but will not find it..How is it u cant commit suicide? Isaiah 26:20 Come, my people, enter into your chambers And shut your doors behind you;Hide yourself for a little while Until indignation runs its course.For behold, the LORD is about to come out from His place To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity,And the earth will reveal her bloodshed,And will no longer cover her slain!! ZOMBIES!! Isaiah 49:26 I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh; they will be drunk on their own blood, as with wine. Then all mankind will know that I, the LORD, am your Savior, your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob!! The dead will rise!! those who have not eaten of the Eucharist(bread and wine blessed by apostolic succession) will rise corrupted! those who have eaten it will rise uncorrupted..If u do not eat my flesh and drink my blood you have NO LIFE in you!! Jesus Christ..
thats stupid. if i saw crazed, rotting people running through the streets attacking people i would call them zombies. just because they are not legally dead doesnt mean that the person who used to be there isnt dead. zombies cause humanity to die. your heart doesn’t technically have to stop. if someone who was kind and caring yesterday, is rotting and trying to eat me today, i will shoot them in the head. for all intensive purposes, they are a zombie.
Now here’s a possible passage that could be eluding to the coming Zombie Apocalypse in the Bible: Revelations 9: 6 And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them. (From the NKJ translation). Also, if you examine the whole section, the descriptions of the ‘locusts’ could be refering, or allegorical to the undead. Of course, at the momet this is just speculation
get your own fucking name!!! nyahh!!!
Wait a minute “…..you’re own f-inf name “?????! That’s questionable isn’t yours one of those characters in a vampire movie?
And still no one brings up Lazurus? Obviously infected, no account of the cause of his death, entombed, ‘revived’ and ..? Many maladys were deemed leprosy in those days. And why no further accounts of the one resurrected by the Son?
Revelations 11:10-11
Their bodies will lie in the street of the great city, which is figuratively called Sodom and Egypt, where also their Lord was crucified. 9For three and a half days men from every people, tribe, language and nation will gaze on their bodies and refuse them burial. 10The inhabitants of the earth will gloat over them and will celebrate by sending each other gifts, because these two prophets had tormented those who live on the earth.
11But after the three and a half days a breath of life from God entered them, and they stood on their feet, and terror struck those who saw them.
what about this?…
Ezekiel 37
The Valley of Dry Bones
1 The hand of the LORD was upon me, and he brought me out by the Spirit of the LORD and set me in the middle of a valley; it was full of bones. 2 He led me back and forth among them, and I saw a great many bones on the floor of the valley, bones that were very dry. 3 He asked me, “Son of man, can these bones live?”
I said, “O Sovereign LORD, you alone know.”
4 Then he said to me, “Prophesy to these bones and say to them, ‘Dry bones, hear the word of the LORD! 5 This is what the Sovereign LORD says to these bones: I will make breath [a] enter you, and you will come to life. 6 I will attach tendons to you and make flesh come upon you and cover you with skin; I will put breath in you, and you will come to life. Then you will know that I am the LORD.’ ”
7 So I prophesied as I was commanded. And as I was prophesying, there was a noise, a rattling sound, and the bones came together, bone to bone. 8 I looked, and tendons and flesh appeared on them and skin covered them, but there was no breath in them.
9 Then he said to me, “Prophesy to the breath; prophesy, son of man, and say to it, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe into these slain, that they may live.’ ” 10 So I prophesied as he commanded me, and breath entered them; they came to life and stood up on their feet—a vast army.
11 Then he said to me: “Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel. They say, ‘Our bones are dried up and our hope is gone; we are cut off.’ 12 Therefore prophesy and say to them: ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: O my people, I am going to open your graves and bring you up from them; I will bring you back to the land of Israel. 13 Then you, my people, will know that I am the LORD, when I open your graves and bring you up from them. 14 I will put my Spirit in you and you will live, and I will settle you in your own land. Then you will know that I the LORD have spoken, and I have done it, declares the LORD.’ “
You’re taking that passage way too literally. The raising of the dead in this passage doesn’t necessarily mean a literal raising of an entire army from the dead, it means the gathering of Israel. The scattered bones represent the scattered tribes of Israel. Bringing those bones together and putting flesh on them represent the literal gathering of Israel.
I can see how that made you think of zombies but that is not the way the Lord works. I don’t believe that the zombie Apocalypse will be brought to pass by the Lord’s hands, I think that man kind will bring it upon themselves while experimenting with viruses and whatnot. However, I could be wrong.
I agree, as God explains in verse 11. Besides, Ezekial says God showed set him in the midst of “a valley”, not a specific valley. To me, it sounds like God was showing him a vision.
Yes but it is all through GOD who created all things. Jus like in Eden. There would not have been a tree of Knowledge unless GOD intended for Adam and Eve to partake of said fruit
I have to agree. Im not sure where but i believe i heard thatanything saten does must be presented to god first. And i believe that the dead may rise but god said there would never be the amount of death ever again as there was when he flooded the world. God can be mysterious but that was rather straight forward. And as for the controversy of revelations 9:6 i believe that only the corrupt willbe on earth and they shall be terrified and they shall be the zombies but they will not be able to kill them selves and with the new show Z nation theres a new concept of there still being the soul or mind of that person in the “zombie” but they have no control over the movement of the body they may only watch and wait to possibly die. Though i feel that god might also wait for WWIII. I think it was albert einstein said that, ” i know not what world war three will be faught with but world war four will be faught with sticks and stones.” Im no genuis but i find that to be pretty straght forward. We will have a nuclear war. If you feel i have havesaid anything incorrectly please feel free to say something or just be happy if this helped anyone to not be quite as afraid of zombies
Every single one of us can trace our roots all the way back to at least one of the 12 tribes of Israel. Father Abraham had many sons. We are Israel, we are modern day Israel scattered across the globe. For example, I am of Hispanic descent. I traced my Roots back to the tribe of Issachar. (the hard laboring mule).
I would say those are zombies. Such a biased article. Hope most people read the posts.
I thought we had accepted the fact that a zombie doesn’t have to be a corpse…
Seeing as how this is a scientific website, why can’t we grasp the idea that a crazed infected person is just as much a zombie as a walking corpse?
Hi Tyler-
There are certainly depictions in film and books of infected people who act zombie-like. But for our research we use this definition:
A zombie is a biologically definable, animated being occupying a human corpse.
That is the basis of our work here at ZRS.
Yes, I understand that, but shouldn’t we broaden our horizens?
Do you think the mayans were more likely killed by walking corpses or by crazed infected? Seeing as how the Mayans were highly trained in warfare, I dont see how they would have trouble fighting off decaying undead. We are denying the more likely possibility because it doesn’t match our current definition? The world by definition was flat for a while there, too.
Tyler, you are overlooking the fact that you’re placing your own narrow definitions on things. By assuming the undead aren’t a formidable opponent, you are limiting your view of what is possible.
Also, crazed infected are potentially much less dangerous than actual zombies because they still need food and water to survive. An active person without water will die in two or three days, so if we have crazed infected that don’t take time to drink they will die very soon. In fact, a World Health Organization doctor has said that the infected in 20 Days Later are less realistic than the undead zombies of classic Romero films:
http://zombieresearch.net/2009/04/01/zombie-incubation-period-how-long/
Miller: Just so you know, Matt Stone (one of the creators of South Park), is actually a Jew. Whodduthunk?! The entire show of South Park is a social satire, never meant to be taken seriously, but when it boils down to it they do make some damn good points about a lot of the things that we take so seriously in life. Like the whole Kanye West gay fish thing, for example. 🙂
Noah: oh great, first the damn flood now this? this sucks, im finding another book.
Violent Spin: First of all, the zombies yo are talking about is what some people call “Hollywood Zombies” or “Media Zombies” the one that mess with your mind with media like all other stuff thats on media. First, here at ZRS we SCIENTFICALLY research zombie, not by unreliable source such as Resident Evil or any of those craps you see.
Media is probably what will kill millions of people when Zombie Outbreaks start, some prob thinks “Hey, I know what to do, I seen this on a movie” Now those people are plain people tricked again by media.
Wallace,
Did you know that the Illuminati manifests the future through Hollywood?
So those ‘Hollywood Zombies’ may seem far fetched, but they may be what we face in the apocolypse after all.
I do have a bachlers in theology. everyplace in the bible that mentions the resurrection is pretty much talking about transformed bodies from their earthly state into a spiritual state of everlasting life and joy, not putrid decayed flesh eating zombies. nice scriptures, but in the zombie case, they just don’t apply.
now the Zechariah 14:12, was kinda taste, however it also is referenced again in the book of revelations, as one of the plagues from the seven year tribulation that harbingers the last days on earth.
during those last 7 years, there is going to be some f*%#* shit going on. but the whole
“their flesh will rot while they stand on their feet, and their eyes will rot in their sockets, and their tongues will rot in their mouth. On that day a large-scale panic from the LORD will spread among them. One person will grab the hand of another, and one will attack the other.” that could start a debate… not a very substantial debate, but you might be able to piss off a few believers.
Obviously for the zombie curse to take effect as the good book says, you gotta be a Jew hater. that’s why i think the first zombies will be white supremacists, Muslims, and the creators of South Park.
are you a atheist, theist, religious?
the creators of south park are Jewish, not ”
jew haters”, just because one of their characters is anti-Semitic does’t mean they are. thats like saying romero hates humans because he has zombies kill humans in his movies.
im a christian and i agree with the claims made in this article i find this truly informative
I think you need to watch many many more zombie movies, before you decide what a zombie is. If you think about it zombies are comparable to god in the fact that everybody believes differently, and there’s no real way to prove any of it. Zombies are supposed to be fun, there supposed to scare you, and challenge your mind to think that maybe just one day we will be attacked by zombies. Zombies can be dead, zombies can be alive, there’s bad zombies and even some good zombies, there’s a different version for every zombie follower. So is jesus a zombie, HELL YEAH why? Cause its fun to believe it, and there’s no one that can prove me wrong.
Well, except Jesus….
“And they of the people and kindreds and tongues and nations shall see their dead bodies three days and an half, and shall not suffer their dead bodies to be put in graves… And after three days and an half the Spirit of life from God entered into them, and they stood upon their feet; and great fear fell upon them which saw them.”
Revelation, 11:9, 11
Great catch, Chris. Forgot to mention this one.
Thats in reference to the Two Witnesses which come to earth as prophets
There are killed and are resurrected by God
If read within context it doesnt do much to support a zombie theory in the bible
Wow, the bible’s got everything in it!
You got an excellent blog here, you certainly know your subject.
Cheers